Enteroscopia asistida por balón simple en el manejo de la patología del intestino delgado: Experiencia de la Unidad de Intestino Delgado de la Clínica Anglo Americana durante el periodo de diciembre del 2012 a diciembre del 2018 / Single balloon enteroscopy in the management of small bowel pathology: Experience of the Small Bowel Unit - British American Hospital from December 2012 to December 2018

Objetivo: Describir la experiencia en el uso de la enteroscopia asistida por balón simple para el diagnóstico y manejo de la patología del intestino delgado en pacientes con anatomía normal y alterada por cirugía en la Clínica Anglo Americana. Material y método: El presente es un estudio descriptivo - retrospectivo que incluye a todos los pacientes que acudieron a la Unidad de Intestino Delgado de la Clínica Anglo Americana, para realizarse una enteroscopia asistida por balón durante el periodo comprendido entre diciembre del 2012 a diciembre del 2018. Resultados: Se realizaron 80 procedimientos de enteroscopia asistida por balón simple, 49 fueron realizados por via anterógrada y 31 por vía retrógrada. La edad promedio fue 60,78 años (20 a 88 años). 48 pacientes (60%) eran varones. El tiempo de inserción media fue 80 minutos para la vía anterógrada (55 - 141 minutos) y 110 minutos para la vía retrógrada (55 -180 minutos). La principal indicación para realizar la enteroscopia por balón simple fue hemorragia digestiva oscura, 45 casos (56,25%). Se realizaron 6 estudios de enteroscopias asistida por balón en pacientes con anatomía alterada (7,5%). Setenta de los ochenta procedimientos (87,5%) fueron realizados con sedación administrada por enfermería supervisada por gastroenterólogo en base a midazolam, petidina y propofol, no se presentó ninguna complicación respiratoria o hemodinámica. Los diagnósticos obtenidos más frecuentes por enteroscopia fueron: angiodisplasias de intestino delgado (20%), úlceras yeyuno ileales (17,5%) y neoplasias a nivel del intestino delgado (7,5%). La complicación que se presentó con más frecuencia posterior a la enteroscopia fue el íleo paralítico, 2 casos, y se asoció a no utilizar insuflación con dióxido de carbono durante el procedimiento. Conclusiones: La hemorragia digestiva oscura fue la principal indicación para realizar una enteroscopia asistida por balón simple. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron angiodisplasias, úlceras yeyuno ileales y neoplasias a nivel del intestino delgado. La complicación más frecuente fue el íleo paralítico y se asoció a no utilizar insuflación con dióxido de carbono durante el procedimiento.

Objetive: To describe our experience with single balloon enteroscopy in the management of small bowel disease in British American Hospital, Lima - Perú. Material and methods: Descriptive and prospective study. We include all patients that come to perform a single balloon enteroscopy in small bowel unit of British American Hospital within December 2012 to December 2018. Results: We performed 80 procedures of single balloon enteroscopy, 49 were done by oral approach, 31 by rectal approach. Mean age were 60.78 years-old (20 - 88 years). 48 patients (60%) were male. The mean insertion time for oral approach was 80 minutes (55-141 minutes), and for rectal approach was 110 minutes (55-180 minutes). The main indication for single balloon enteroscopy was obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. 6 enteroscopies were performed in patients with altered surgical anatomy (7.5%). 70 of 80 procedures (87.5%) were performed with gastroenterology-administered sedation, using midazolam, pethidine and propofol, without any respiratory or hemodinamic complication. Diagnostics achieved by single balloon enteroscopy were small bowel angiodysplasias (20%), yeyuno ileal ulcers (17.5%) and small bowel neoplasia (7.5%). Paralytic ileus was the most common complication of single balloon enteroscopy, 2 cases, and both cases were associated after no using carbon dioxide insufflation during procedure. Conclusion: Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding was the main indication for single balloon enteroscopy. Diagnostics achieved by single balloon enteroscopy were small bowel angiodysplasias (20%), yeyuno ileal ulcers (17.5%) and small bowel neoplasia (7.5%). Paralytic ileus was the most common complication of single balloon enteroscopy, 2 cases, and both cases were associated after no using carbon dioxide insufflation during procedure

Most small bowel cancers are revealed by a complication / A maioria dos cânceres de intestino delgado são revelados por uma complicação

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize the pattern of primary small bowel cancers in a tertiary East-European hospital. Methods A retrospective study of patients with small bowel cancers admitted to a tertiary emergency center, over the past 15 years. Results There were 57 patients with small bowel cancer, representing 0.039% of admissions and 0.059% of laparotomies. There were 37 (64.9%) men, mean age of 58 years; and 72 years for females. Out of 57 patients, 48 (84.2%) were admitted due to an emergency situation: obstruction in 21 (38.9%), perforation in 17 (31.5%), upper gastrointestinal bleeding in 8 (14.8%), and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in 2 (3.7%). There were 10 (17.5%) duodenal tumors, 21 (36.8%) jejunal tumors and 26 (45.6%) ileal tumors. The most frequent neoplasms were gastrointestinal stromal tumor in 24 patients (42.1%), adenocarcinoma in 19 (33.3%), lymphoma in 8 (14%), and carcinoids in 2 (3.5%). The prevalence of duodenal adenocarcinoma was 14.55 times greater than that of the small bowel, and the prevalence of duodenal stromal tumors was 1.818 time greater than that of the small bowel. Obstruction was the complication in adenocarcinoma in 57.9% of cases, and perforation was the major local complication (47.8%) in stromal tumors. Conclusion Primary small bowel cancers are usually diagnosed at advanced stages, and revealed by a local complication of the tumor. Their surgical management in emergency setting is associated to significant morbidity and mortality rates.

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o padrão de neoplasias malignas primárias do intestino delgado em um hospital terciário de Leste Europeu. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com câncer de intestino delgado, internados em um hospital terciário e de emergência, ao longo dos últimos 15 anos. Resultados Foram avaliados 57 pacientes com neoplasias malignas gastrintestinais, o que representou 0,039% das admissões e 0,059% das laparotomias realizadas. Total de 37 (64,9%) pacientes masculinos, média de idade de 58 anos, e de 72 anos para mulheres. Dentre os 57 pacientes, 48 (84,2%) foram internados em situação de emergência: obstrução intestinal em 21 (38,9%), perfuração em 17 (31,5%), hemorragia digestiva alta em 8 (14,8%), e hemorragia digestiva baixa em 2 (3,7%). Houve 10 (17,5%) tumores duodenais, 21 (36,8%) jejunais e 26 (45,6%) ileais. As neoplasias mais frequentes foram tumor estromal gastrintestinal, em 24 (42,1%) pacientes, adenocarcinoma em 19 (33,3%), linfoma em 8 (14%) e carcinoides em 2 (3,5%). A prevalência de adenocarcinoma duodenal foi 14,55 vezes maior do que a do intestino delgado, e a prevalência de tumores estromais duodenais foi 1,818 vez maior do que a do intestino delgado. A obstrução intestinal foi complicação do adenocarcinoma em 57,9% dos casos, e a perfuração foi a principal complicação local (47,8%) dos tumores estromais. Conclusão As neoplasias malignas primárias do intestino delgado foram geralmente diagnosticadas em estado avançado e reveladas por uma complicação local do tumor. O tratamento cirúrgico em situação de emergência está associado à significativa morbimortalidade.

Intususcepción intestinal por pólipo fibroide inflamatorio en una anciana / Small bowel intussusception and Vanek's tumor in an elderly woman

El pólipo fibroide inflamatorio es un tumor benigno poco frecuente del tubo digestivo, descripto por Vanek en 1949. Son lesiones de etiología desconocida, originadas en la submucosa. Están formadas por células mononucleares y mesenquimatosas con citoplasma fusocelular, con una importante proporción de eosinófilos. Sus síntomas son variables, dependiendo de su localización, y son una r ara causa de intususcepción intestinal en adultos. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 82 años, que sufrió una rara intususcepción de intestino delgado, originada en un pólipo fibroide inflamatorio.

Inflammatory fibroid polyps are non-frequent benign lesions, described by Vanek in 1949, originated in the sub mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. They have an uncertain origin and they are formed of fibroblastic and mesenchymal proliferations with an important eosinophilic proportion. Depending on where are they localized, could present different type of symptoms. The inflammatory fibroid polyps are one of the rare benign conditions causing intestinal intussusception in adults.We present the case of a 82 years old woman, who presented an intestinal intussusception due to an inflammatory fibroid polyp localized in the small bowel.

Intussusception: As the Cause of Mechanical Bowel Obstruction in Adults / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Intussusception in adults is rarely seen and causes misdiagnosis due to its appearance with various clinical findings. The cause of intussusception in adults is frequently organic lesions. In this study, the underlying etiologic factors, diagnostic methods and alternative methods of treatment are discussed in the light of the literature. METHODS: In this study, a retrospective evaluation was performed on 47 cases with the diagnoses of intussusception, who were operated on for bowel obstruction between 1990-2011 in Department of Surgery of Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty. Data related to presentation, diagnosis, treatment and pathology were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-four of the patients (51%) were female, and 23 were male (49%). Mean age (year) was 49 (range: 23-78) in female group, and 50 (range: 17-72) in male group. All patients presented mechanical bowel obstruction findings and underwent operation. Intussusception was caused by benign and malignant tumors in 38 patients, and other reasons in 3 cases. No reason could be determined in the other 6 cases. Only small intestine resection was applied in 29 cases, and large intestine resection was also applied in 17 cases. Reduction and fixation surgery was performed in one patient. No postoperative mortality was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Adult intussusception remains a rare cause of abdominal pain. Diagnosis of intussusception in adults is still difficult. Main treatment was surgical in most cases.

A Case of Monoclonal Gammopathy in Extranodal Marginal Zone B-cell Lymphoma of the Small Intestine / 대한진단검사의학회지

Monoclonal gammopathy occurs in one-third of the patients with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT lymphoma). However, monoclonal gammopathy has been rarely reported in Korea. Paraprotenemia accompanying MALT lymphoma is strongly correlated with involvement of the bone marrow, and this involvement leads to the progression of the disease. Here, we present a case of a 66-yr-old man diagnosed with IgM monoclonal gammopathy and stage IV extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the small intestine, with the involvement of the bone marrow.

Timoma, síndrome de Good y carcinoide intestinal: caso clínico y revision de la literatura / Case report: thymoma Good's syndrome and intestinal carcinoid

The association of thymoma, with myasthenia gravis, pure red cell aplasia and hypogammaglobulinemia (Good's syndrome), has been described. We report a case of a 51 years old woman who after a surgieal resection of a thymoma had several Symptoms and study showed hypogammaglobulinemia. During the study of a persitent diarrhea distal ileum carcinoid tumor was diagnosed. The forgotten association of thymoma and malignancies is of a great clinical significance. Evidence linking thymoma with other neoplasms is provided by the clinical literature.

La asociación de timoma con miastenia gravis, aplasia eritrocítica pura e hipogamaglobulinemia (Síndrome de Good) ha sido descrita. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 51 años que después de la operación de un timoma presentó varios síntomas confirmándose una hipogammaglobulinemia. En el estudio de una diarrea persistente se encontró un tumor carcinoide del íleon distal. La asociación olvidada entre timoma y cáncer es de gran importancia clínica.

An Adult Case of Small Bowel Intussusception Caused by Hemangioma Presenting with Intestinal Bleeding / 대한소화기학회지

Intussusception is primarily a disease of children, and is relatively rare in adults. Unlike childhood intussusception, adult intussusception has an identifiable leading lesion such as malignant or benign neoplasm. However, intussusception caused by hemangioma is very rare. There were few cases of small bowel intussusception caused by hemangioma in adults, but those reports were presented with abdominal pain. This report describes a 65-year-old female who suffered from small bowel intussusception caused by hemangioma presenting with intestinal bleeding. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy were performed, but bleeding focus was not found. Abdominal computed tomography showed the target sign of small bowel with a leading point of mass. This mass turned out to be a hemangioma after the small bowel resection. Therefore, small bowel intussusception by hemangioma should be also considered as a bleeding focus when an adult patient presented intestinal bleeding without bleeding focus in the stomach and colon. Herein we report a case of small bowel intussusception caused by hemangioma presenting with intestinal bleeding.

Hemangioma cavernoso: una causa de hemorragia digestiva de origen oscuro / Cavernous hemangioma: a source of bleeding of obscure origin

Comunicamos el caso de un paciente de 32 años, sexo masculino, que consultó por melena intermitente y síndrome anémico de dos años de evolución, sin otros antecedentes patológicos de importancia. El laboratorio reveló anemia hipocroma, sin trastornos de la coagulación. Los exámenes endoscópicos altos y bajos del tubo digestivo no demostraron lesiones sangrantes y la cintigrafía evidenció un sangrado a nivel de intestino delgado. La arteriografía mesentérica selectiva demostró un hemangioma en porción terminal del íleon. Se realizóresección del segmento intestinal comprometido, evolucionando favorablemente, sin reincidencia de sangrado hasta la fecha. Efectuamos una revisión de la literatura principalmente dedicada a la incidencia de esta patología y al enfoque de pacientes que se presentan con un sangrado digestivo de origen oscuro.

A 32 years old man presenting with two years of intermittent episodes of melena and anemia, without other pathological conditions. The laboratory results showed an hypochronic anemia. Coagulation studies were normal. No bleeding lesions were observed at upper and lower endoscopy. A scintigraphic study showed evidences of bleeding at the small bowel. Mesenteric angiography reported an ileal hemangioma. A resection of the lesion was performed without further bleeding until now. A review of the subject was done, looking for the incidence and behavior, in relation of the case, and patients with intestinal bleeding of obscure origin.

A Case of Primary Angiosarcoma of Small Intestine Presenting as Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding / 대한소화기학회지

Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor which occurs frequently in the skin and soft subcutis. Moreover, primary gastrointestinal angiosarcomas are very rare. This tumor manifests as non-specific symptoms such as gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain and nausea. The diagnosis is often made at an advanced stage. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the mainstay of treatment. However, the prognosis is very poor. We report a case of primary angiosarcoma of the small intestine presenting as recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. A 54-year-old man was admitted with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. An abdominal CT scan revealed an ileo-ileal intussusception. Segmental resection was performed with ileo-ileal anastomosis. The ileal mass was diagnosed as angiosarcoma on immunohistochemical stain. He received 3 cycles of chemotherapy, but died 5 months after the diagnosis.

Intestinal lipoma: a rare cause of lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage.

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding from submucosal lipomas of the intestine is very rare. We report our experience with 3-patients presenting with lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage who were detected to have no cause other than intestinal lipomas. In two of these patients, the lipoma was in the small intestine and presented with chronic blood loss or recurrent episodes of bleeding. The third patient presented with massive haematochyzia and had a number of lipomas in the cecum and right colon. The diagnosis was established by laparotomy and intraoperative enteroscopy in 2 cases, and by colonoscopy and laparotomy in the third. Surgical excision of the lipoma led to cure in all the patients. We conclude that when laparotomy and intraoperative enteroscopy fail to show any cause for bleeding other than an innocuous-looking lipoma, it should be excised. The literature has been reviewed.

A Case of Enteropathy-associated T-cell Lymphoma Presenting with Recurrent Hematochezia / 대한소화기학회지

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is an unusual primary gastrointestinal lymphoma, particularly associated with celiac sprue. This tumor usually affects the jejunum and grossly presents as multiple circumferential ulcers without the formation of definite tumor masses. Moreover, mesenteric lymph nodes are commonly involved. The patients have typically suffered from abdominal pain, diarrhea, or weight loss whereas some patients may manifest with nonspecific symptoms for a period of years or an acute emergency of perforation, obstruction, or hemorrhage. The clinical course of EATL is very unfavorable and the prognosis is poor. Both celiac sprue and EATL are very rare diseases in Asia, except India and Middle East. We report a 60-year-old male diagnosed as having EATL after segmental small bowel resection, who presented with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding.

Acute intestinal obstruction due to small gut hemangioma.

A 20-year-old man presented with acute intestinal obstruction due to multiple hemangiomas of small intestine extending into the adjoining mesentery. The diagnosis was made at laparotomy and subsequently confirmed on histology. Occurrence of hemangioma in the small intestine and its presentation as acute intestinal obstruction are rare.

Mesenteric leiomyoma in infancy.

Leiomyoma of the mesentery is an uncommon tumor. This has been documented in adults and children. However, there is no such case reported in an infant, which is being presented in this report.

Hallazgos clínicos, endoscópicos y magnitud del reflujo de contenido gástrico y duodenal en pacientes con metaplasia intestinal cardial y esófago de Barrett corto, comparados con controles / Magnitude of gastric or duodenal reflux, clinical and endoscopic findings in patients with cardial intestinal metaplasia, short Barrett esofhagus and controls

Background: the diagnosis of patients with short segments of intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus, has increased in recent years. Aim: to assess the clinical, pathological and functional features of patients with esophageal intestinal metaplasia. Patients and methods: a prospective study was performed in 95 control subjects, 115 patients with cardial intestinal metaplasia and 89 patients with short Barret esophagus with intestinal metaplasia. All had clinical and endoscopic assessments, esophageal manometry and determination of 24 h esophageal exposure to acid and duodenal content. Results: control patients were younger and, in this group, the pathological findings in the mucosa distal to the squamous-columnar change, showed a preponderance of fundic over cardial mucosa. In patients with intestinal metaplasia and short barret esophagus, there was only cardial mucosa, that is the place where intestinal metaplasia implants. Low grade dysplasia was only seen in the presence of intestinal metaplasia. Gastroesophageal sphincter pressure decreased and gastric and duodenal reflux increased along with increases in the extension of intestinal metaplasia. Conclusions: these findings confirm the need to obtain multiple biopsies from the squamous-columnar mucosal junction in all patients with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, for the detection of early pathological changes of Barret esophagus and eventual dysplasia

Operación de Hartmann: experiencia institucional de 92 casos consecutivos / Hartmann's procedure: institutional experience of 92 consecutive cases

Antecedentes: desde su descripción en 1923, el procedimiento de Hartmann es ampliamente utilizado en el tratamiento quirúrgico de complicaciones agudas del colon izquierdo, cuando no es posible realizar lavado mecánico preoperatorio y/o cuando Objetivo: analizar los resultados de la operación de Hartmann en el tratamiento quirúrgico de pacientes consecutivos en una misma institución, durante un intervalo de 30 meses.existe alta posibilidad de dehiscencia anastomótica.Tipo de estudio: prospectivo, no al azar y longitudinal.Material y métodos: pacientes tratados mediante procedimiento de Hartmann entre marzo de 1995 y septiembre de 1998. Se realizó análisis de indicación del procedimiento, hallazgos transoperatorios, morbilidad y mortalidad, así como la frecuencia de reversión con reinstalación de la continuidad intestinal y su morbimortalidad.Resultados: se sometieron al procedimiento de Hartmann 92 pacientes. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 60 + 25 años (margen de 21 a 88 años) y 60 por ciento superaba los 65 años de edad. El procedimiento fue de urgencia en 91 por ciento de los casos. Los pacientes presentaban en su mayoría sepsis intraabdominal (56 por ciento) y patología colónica benigna (83 por ciento). Se detectó morbilidad de 34 por ciento y mortalidad de 19 por ciento. Durante el seguimiento se restauró la continuidad intestinal en 32 por ciento de los casos sin ocurrir fatalidades.Conclusiones: el procedimiento de Hartmann es buena opción para el tratamiento quirúrgico no electivo de patología rectosigmoidea complicada. La morbilidad y la mortalidad de la operación depende en gran medida del grado de sepsis preoperatoria y de la condición preexiste del paciente. La baja tasa de restauración en la continuidad intestinal probablemente se debe a un corto tiempo de seguimiento

Sangrado intestinal de 21 años en un caso de síndrome de nevo azul / Intestinal bledding for 21 years in a case of blue nevus Syndrome

Objetivo. Presentar un caso de sangrado intestinal por un síndrome de nevo azul en burbuja de goma(NABG). Caso: Mujer de 28 años que desde los siete años de edad padeció sangrado intestinal crónico. Recibió múltiples tratamiento con hierro oral y parental y cuatro transfusiones a lo largo de 21 años de evolución. Se presentó con anemia microcítica (HB = hemoglobina de 7.8 g/dL) con deficiencia de hierro y tumoraciones cutáneas en lengua, mano derecha y pies. Una biopsia cutánea mostró un hemangioma cavenoso. La presencia de múltiples tumoraciones intestinales por serie gastroduodenal, endoscopía y colonoscopía, permitieron el diagnóstico. El tratamiento con hierro oral aumentó los niveles de HB. Conclusión. Lo raro del síndrome y hasta donde sabemos el que no se haya informado previamente en México, probablemente llevaron a que la paciente estuviera 21 años sin diagnosticar y sometida a terapias peligrosas, pese a que el diagnóstico no era difícil